Burner



Jan. 8, 1935. L. DE FLOREZ 1,986,796

BURNER Filed Feb. '7, 1935 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR 193 5. DE FLOREZ 1,986,796

11111111111111.1111111111111 IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIL INVENTOR lu/s 0E FLORE'Z AT 0 NEY Patented Jan. 8, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BURNER Luis dc Florez, New York, N. Y.

Application February 7, 1933, Serial No. 655,570

Claims. (01. 158-99) This invention relates particularly to the combination type of burners, designed to operate on.

two or more different kinds of fuel, such as oil and gas. In burners of this type, as heretofore constructed, the gas has been delivered through numerous small openings in an annular gas chamber at the mouth of the burner. This construction is practical and satisfactory, so long as these discharge openings keep open and so long as the air for supporting combustion is properly combined with the gas. Under certain conditions, the relatively fine discharge openings, particularly those in the lower half of the chamber become stopped up more or less by carbon and other matter and, as the force of the burner is cut down, a condition may be-reached where the fine streams from-the gas ring will not penetrate the inflowing current of secondary air, sufllciently to effect a proper, thorough mixture therewith.

The objects of this invention primarily are to eliminate the possible disadvantageous conditions mentioned and to assure uniform accurate delivery of the gas or other fuel and the proper eflicient combination of the same with the combustion supporting air under all conditions of operation.

Further objects of the invention are to provide a burner structure in which the above objects will be accomplished and which will be of simple rugged design and adaptable to existing burners of accepted and standardized form.

Further and other objects of the present invention will be hereinafter set forth in the accompanying specification and claims and shown in the drawings which show by way of illustration a preferred embodiment and the principle thereof and what I now consider to be the best mode of applying that principle. Other embodiments of the invention employing the same or equivalent principle 7 may be used and structural changes made as desired by those skilled in the art without departing from the present invention and within the spirit of the appended claims.

Fig. 1 in the drawings is a view looking at the outer end of one of the burners, broken away and sectioned at one side to show the tangential gas discharge ring at the inner end of the same.

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal horizontal sectional view of the burner as on substantially the plane of line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged broken sectional detail of one of the adjustable air injectors.

Fig. '4 is a detached perspective view of one of the segments of the gas ring.

Fig. 5 is a partial section on line 5-5 of Fig. 2.

In the present disclosure, the invention is shown combined with a burner 01' standard design consisting of a centrally disposed pressure atomizer 5 for the oil, projecting through a burner casing 6, provided at the outer end with a 5 conical air register having doors or shutters 7, variously adjustable to admit air tangentially into the outer end of the burner casing.

The'air is supplied by natural or forced draft, the latter being employed in the present dlsclosure where the burner is shown set in a wind box 8, which may be connected with a suitable blower. T-he atomizer has associated with it, in the illustration, a diffuser 9, which may or may not be used when the other fuel, such as the gas, 15 is in use.

The second fuel, which in this particular illustration is considered to be gas, is admitted by what is here termed a fuel discharge ring 10, located at the inner end of the burner casing and having an annular groove or gutter 11, open to the throat of the burner and into which open the tangentially disposed fuel inlets or ports 12, which communicate with fuel conduits 13, at the back of or on the outside of the ring.

The groove or open annular channel 11 in the fuel discharge ring is shown as generally semicircular in cross-section, but is extended beyond. the semi-circular form at the entrance end thereto to provide a lip 14 and is flared out beyond the semi-circular form at the exit side thereof as at 15. A beveled extension 16 at the entrance side of the ring provides a slightly contracting throat or entrance to the annulus and this extension serves in the illustration as a means for centering the ring in the inner end of the burner casing.

In the present disclosure, the gas which is the auxiliary or substitute fuel, is shown supplied by a generally circular manifold 17, at the head of the burner, having branches 18, leading to the several conduits 13. These branches are shown equipped with valves 19,by which the fuel furnished through each branch may be accurately controlled.

The primary supply of air is furnished by air injectors interposed in the gas lines 18 and shown in detail in Fig. 3 as consisting of the nozzles 20 on pipes 18, discharging into venturis 21, connected in spaced relation to piping 18 by open spiders 22. These injectors are shown as independently controllable by means of discs 23, engaged on the screw-threaded portions 24 of the nozzles and thus shiftable thereover toward and away from'the throats of the venturls to regulate admission of air. These discs are illustrated as having annular concentric ridges 25, substantially V-shaped in cross-section provided thereon and forming convergent faces in generally parallel relation with the convergent throats of the ventiiris. This construction enables accurate regulation of the admitted air while maintaining the proper annular flow for the most efficient operation of the venturis. Lock nuts 26 are indicated for fixing the air admission discs in adjusted relation and lock nuts are indicated at 27, for securing the nozzles and spiders in relatively adjusted relation and hence the nozzles on the proper positions in the throats of the venturis.

For necessary expansion and contraction, the grooved annular fuel ring is shown as made in segments as at 28 in Figs. 1 and 4, these segments being constructed alike and hence interchangeable, each having a projecting portion 29, at the front end of the same engaging in a recessed seat 30, in the back end of the preceding segment, being interlocked in this relation by the key 31, on one entering a locking groove 32 in the other. These interfitting portions are further interlocked and secured in such relation by the abutting or opposed extensions 33, 34, provided in their opposing faces with companion recesses 35, receiving the mounting bolts 36. The complete tangent ring is thus mounted and secured by a single circular row of bolts and any section or segment of the ring may be removed or replaced without disturbing other sections, through manipulation of only the two b'olt fastenings at opposite ends of the same. In addition to securing the ring sections together, the bolt fastenings 36 may be utilized as indicated in Fig. 2, to also fasten the ring to the end of the burner casing, by the additional nuts 37 and both the burner casing and ring to the stationary burner setting 38 by nuts 39.

Operation With the construction disclosed, the burner may be operated with either one or both of two different fuels which, without intending to so restrict, may be considered as oil and gas and are here so referred to.

The oil atomizer is centrally located and receives its supply of air in the form of a whirling stream entering by way of the tangentially adjusted gates of the air register. If the gas burning equipment is not in service, this whirling air stream simply passes in through the gas ring, the groove in the latter assisting the turbulence and hence aiding in proper atomization and mixture of air and oil. At such time, with only the oil burning equipment in use, the air inlets to the venturis may be closed, by turning the air valving discs 23 into closed position in the throats of these injectors.

The burner may be operated with gas at any time by opening the combined control and shutoff valves 19 in the several gas lines 18. The air injectors can be separately adjusted at 23 to admit a primary supply of air and such adjustment preferably is such as to create a rich mixture of gas and air and consequently a slow burning mixture, which will not burn back or backfire in the several branches of the gas ring.

This rich or slow burning mixture is injected tangentially through the ports 12, into the base of the groove in the ring and forms a rotating ring of fuel, which extends out into the whirling flow of secondary air admitted through the burner casing, becoming intimately mixed therewith, particularly so because of the tendency of this secondary flow to feather" off the inner edge of the spinning annulus, which has its source and hence holds its seat in the annular groove. The beveled entrance to the ring at 16, tends to concentrate or converge the secondary air stream passing through the rotating annulus, causing this stream to impart a whirling movement to the annulus at an angle to its axis of generation and thus tending to set up a toroidal or twisting flow in the groove, which enables the secondary stream better to unfold or draw the primary mixture out of its annular form. The convergent secondary air stream thus has the effect of unwrapplng" the annulus of the primary mixture, sheeting it in along with the secondary air, and by the whirling and turbulence described, mixing it uniformly and thoroughly therewith.

By first forming a primary mixture, the gas is diluted and increased in volume and so mixes more uniformly when combined with the secondary supply of air, adjustments being then much less critical and the desired final mixture being more readily attained.

The gas burning equipment may be used in conjunction with the oil burning apparatus by proper adjustments of air for both or may be used alone, as desired.

The segments of the fuel supply ring may be made as relatively short sections, with one tangential fuel port to each section and the fuel supply conduits 13 be brought out at the sides of the burner casing to the front of the burner structure, thus simplifying construction, assembly and taking down and keeping the circumferential dimensions of the burner within practical limits.

The conical diffuser on the oil atomizer, under certain conditions, is a further aid in effecting thorough uniform mixture, serving to spread and stream the flame out into the furnace throat, but is not essential to the gas operation and may or may not be used when burning gas alone.

The annularly grooved 'fuel ring, in addition to aiding turbulence when the oil burning equipment alone is being used, may be utilized for tangential admission of additional combustion supporting air to the oil atomizer, which supply of additional air may be regulated by adjustment of the air valves 23 at the air injectors. The tangential admission of the primary mixture exerts a scouring action in the gutter of the fuel ring, keeping the discharge ports clear and the open character of this ring, in conjunction with the tangential action, enables this mixture to thoroughly combine with the secondary air stream even with the gas throttled down to minimum requirements. The air register is only indicated in a general way at '7, but this may be of the same general construction as disclosed and covered in the E. H. Peabody Patent 1,527,214 of February 24, 1925, involving a series of tangentially adjustable vanes or gates, which may be turned to admit more or less' air and in reducing the air to accelerate the tangential flow and confine it more to the peripheral portion of with-'and combine with the reduced annulus of primary mixture.

While the disclosed embodiment of the present invention shows a burner casing 6 having a considerable length, it will be understood that the length of this casing may be varied according to installation conditions. For some installations the burner casing section 6 may be dispensed with entirely and the air register section be secured directly in front of the annular ring by the-fastening bolts 36. Otherwise stated, the fuel supplying ring is disposed intermediate the air register and the combustion chamber and in position to supply the fuel substantially directly to the throat of the burner.

As the .structure is susceptible of modification, the claims are to be construed accordingly and terms employed herein are to be understood in a descriptive rather than in a limiting sense, except possibly for limitations as may be required by state of the prior art.

What is claimed is:

1. A burner comprising a gaseous fuel burner casing, a gaseous fuel admission ring at one end of said burner casing, said gaseous fuel admission ring having. an annular groove therein, substantially semi-circular in cross-section and entirely open to the end of the burner casin a d a tangentially disposed gaseous fuel discharge port or ports opening directly through the bottom of said annular groove.

2. A burner.comprislng agaseous fuel burner casing, a gaseous fuel admission ring at one end of said burner casing, said gaseous fuel admission ring having an annular groove therein, substantially semi-circular in crosssection and entirely open to the end of the burner casing, a tangentially disposed gaseous fuel discharge port or ports opening directly through the bottom of said annular groove, said ring having a circular flange at one side of the same cooperating with the end of the burner casing and beveled to form a convergent entrance throat entering the annular groove.

3. In combination, a burner casing having adjustable tangential air supply means at one end, an annular gaseous fuel channel at the opposite end of the same, and open to said burner casing substantially the full width of said channel tangentially disposed gaseous fuel ports discharging into said channel and means for supp ing a primary mixture of air and gaseous fuel to said ports including gas supply conduits connected with said tangentially disposed ports and adjustable air injectors in said conduits.

4. A gaseous fuel burner comprising means for creating a primary mixture of air and gas and for discharging same in the form of a rotating annulus, means for creating a whirling secondary air flow through the center of said rotating annulus, said first means including gas and air mixing injectors and said second means including a burner casing having regulatable tangential air inlets.

5. In combination, a burner casing having an air inlet at one end, a gaseous fuel supply ring at the opposite end of the same having a shallow open gutter and tangentially disposed inlet ports opening directly into. the bottom of said gutter, gas supply connections extending from the air inlet end of the burner casing to said ports and adjustable'air injectors in said supply connections.

6. In combination, a burner casing having an air inlet at one end, a gaseous fuel supply ring at the opposite end of the same having a shallow open gutter and inlet ports opening directly into the bottom of said gutter, gas supply connections extending from the air inlet end of the burner casing to said ports and adjustable air injectors in said supply connections.

'l. A gaseous fuel burner comprising a segmental gaseous fuel supply ring having a shallow, open annular groove with gaseous fuel ports opening tangentially into said groove, the segmental sections of said ring having interlocking elements at adjoining ends of the same and means for removably securing the segments in thus interlocked relation.

8. A gaseous fuel burner comprising a segmental gaseous fuel supply ring having a shallow, open annular groove with gaseous fuel ports opening into said groove, the segmental sections of said ring having interlocking elements at adjoining ends of the same and means for removably securing the segments in thus interlocked relation.

9. In a gaseous fuel burner, a segmental gaseous fuel supply ring having an annular groove with gaseous fuel ports opening tangentially into said groove, the segments of said ring having interlocking elements at adjoining ends of the same, means for removably securing the segments in thus interlocked relation, said interlocking elements comprising a projection at one end of each segment and a seat for the projection at the opposite end of the same, said projections and seats, one having a lug and the other having a lug receiving groove.

10. A gaseous fuel burner comprising a segmental gaseous fuel supply ring having an annular groove with gaseous fuel ports opening tangentially into said groove, the segments of said ring having interlocking elements at adjoining ends of the same and means for removably securing the segments in thus interlocked relation including opposed portions on the segments oppositely grooved to provide bolt receiving passages.

11. A gaseous fuel burner comprising a segmental gaseous fuel supply ring having an annular groove with gaseous fuel ports opening tangentially into said groove, the segments of said ring having interlocking elements at adjoining ends of the same, means for removably securing the segments in thus interlocked relation, said interlocking elements comprising a projection at one end of each segment and a seat for the projection at the opposite end of the same, said projections and seats, one having a lug and the other having a lug receiving groove and opposed portions on the segments having bolt receiving passages between the same.

12. A gaseous fuel burner comprising in combination, a burner casing having an air inlet, an open annular gaseous fuel supply member associated with and having an open annular trough forming a continuation of said burner casing, gaseous fuel discharge ports opening tangentially thereinto, gas supply connections to said discharge ports, said supply connections extending along the outside of the burner casing and air injectors interposed in said supply connections.

13. A gaseous fuel burner comprising a burner casing, an air register adjustable to admit varying quantities of air to said casing and constructed to direct the admitted air more and more towards the periphery of the casing as the quantities of admitted air are decreased and a gaseous fuel admission ring forming an extension of said biu-ner casing and having a shallow annular gutter o to the interior of the burner casing and said ring further having gaseous fuel admission ports opening tangentially into the bottom of the gutter therein tothereby deliver minimum quantities of gaseous fuel in direct contact with the lesser quantities of admitted air.

14. A gaseous fuel burner including an air register which controls the degree of whirling and the amount and velocity of air passing therethrough, and means for supplying gaseous fuel for combustion with the whirling air which has passed the air register, said means comprising an annular channel which is inwardly open across its entire width at its inner periphery, said annular channel having tangentially disposed gaseous fuel inlet ports opening thereinto.

15. A gaseous fuel burner comprising an air register for directing air with a controlled whirling motion to a combustion chamber, and a gaseous fuel supply ring intermediate the air register and the combustion chamber having an open gutter configuration with its inner portion open across the entire width of the gutter to the throat of the burner, tangentially disposed gaseous fuel inlet ports opening directly into the bottom of said gutter, and means for furnishing a mixture of gaseous fuel and air to said ports.

16. A gaseous fuel burner, comprising in combination, a burner casing, a concentrically related gaseous fuel admission ring at one end of the same and having an annular trough of generally semi-circular cross-section open to said burner casing and gaseous fuel discharge ports directed tangentially into the base of said generally semi-cylindrical trough for creating a whirling annulus of gaseous fuel spilling from its base of formation in the generally semi-cylindrical back of the trough-into said burner casing.

17. A gaseous fuel supplying ring for a gaseous fuel burner, comprising a segmental ring having the segments of the same constructed to form an open annular trough continuously open toward the center of the ring and said segments having gaseous fuel inlets opening tangentially into the base of said trough.

18. A gaseous fuel burner, comprising in combination, a burner casing and a gaseous fuel supplying ring at one end of said burner casing and having an annular trough open toward the center of the ring and provided with an inwardly extending lip inclined in the direction of discharge of the burner casing and located at the junction between the burner casing and trough. said ring further having gaseous fuel supply ports discharging tangentially into said trough behind said lip. a

19. A gaseous fuel burner comprising a burner casing, an open annular burner channel at one end of said burner casing, said channel having tangentially disposed gaseous fuel ports opening thereinto, tangential air inlets to said burner casing at the opposite end of the same and a substantially conical member adjoining said annular burner channel for controlling discharge therefrom.

20. A gaseous fuel burner comprising in combination a burner casing, a gaseous fuel supplying ring at one end of said burner casing and having an inwardly open annular channel, said ring further having tangentially disposed ports opening into said open annular channel to provide for flow of gaseous fuel into said inwardly open annular channel of said ring.

LUIS D! FIDREZ. 

